2、 The main process of wire and cable is made through three processes: drawing, twisting and coating. The more complex the model and specification, the higher the repeatability.

拉制在金屬壓力加工中。在外力作用下使金屬強行通過模具（壓輪），金屬橫截面積被壓縮，并獲得所要求的橫截面積形狀和尺寸的技術(shù)加工方法稱為金屬拉制。

Drawing is used in metal pressure machining. Under the action of external force, the metal is forced through the die (pressing wheel), the metal cross-sectional area is compressed, and the required cross-sectional area shape and size are obtained. The technical processing method is called metal drawing.

拉制工藝分：單絲拉制和絞制拉制。

Drawing process is divided into single wire drawing and twisted drawing.

絞制為了提高電線電纜的柔軟度、整體度，讓2根以上的單線，按著規(guī)定的方向交織在一起稱為絞制。

Stranding in order to improve the flexibility and integrity of wires and cables, more than two single wires are intertwined in the specified direction, which is called stranding.

絞制工藝分：導(dǎo)體絞制、成纜、編織、鋼絲裝鎧和纏繞。

Stranding process includes conductor stranding, cabling, weaving, steel wire armor and winding.

包覆根據(jù)對電線電纜不同的性能要求，采用專用的設(shè)備在導(dǎo)體的外面包覆不同的材料。包覆工藝分：

According to different performance requirements for wires and cables, special equipment is used to coat different materials on the outside of the conductor. Coating process points:

擠包：橡膠、塑料、鉛、鋁等材料。

Extrusion: rubber, plastic, lead, aluminum and other materials.

縱包：橡皮、皺紋鋁帶材料。

Longitudinal package: rubber, wrinkled aluminum strip material.

繞包：帶狀的紙帶、云母帶、無堿玻璃纖維帶、無紡布、塑料帶等，線狀的棉紗、絲等纖維材料。

Wrapping: Ribbon paper tape, mica tape, alkali free glass fiber tape, non-woven fabric, plastic tape, linear cotton yarn, silk and other fiber materials.

浸涂：絕緣漆、瀝青等三、塑料電線電纜制造的基本工藝流程。銅、鋁單絲拉制電線電纜常用的銅、鋁桿材，在常溫下，利用拉絲機通過一道或數(shù)道拉伸模具的?？?，使其截面減小、長度增加、強度提高。拉絲是各電線電纜公司的首道工序，拉絲的主要工藝參數(shù)是配模技術(shù)。

Dip coating: insulating paint, asphalt, etc. III. The basic process flow of plastic wire and cable manufacturing. The common copper and aluminum rod materials for copper and aluminum single wire drawing wires and cables use the wire drawing machine to pass through one or several die holes of the drawing die at room temperature, so as to reduce the section, increase the length and improve the strength. Wire drawing is the first process of wire and cable companies, and the main process parameter of wire drawing is die matching technology.

單絲退火銅、鋁單絲在加熱到一定的溫度下，以再結(jié)晶的方式來提高單絲的韌性、降低單絲的強度，以符合電線電纜對導(dǎo)電線芯的要求。退火工序關(guān)鍵是杜絕銅絲的氧化。導(dǎo)體的絞制為了提高電線電纜的柔軟度，以便于敷設(shè)安裝，導(dǎo)電線芯采取多根單絲絞合而成。從導(dǎo)電線芯的絞合形上，可分為規(guī)則絞合和非規(guī)則絞合。非規(guī)則絞合又分為束絞、同心復(fù)絞、特殊絞合等。

Annealed copper and aluminum monofilaments are heated to a certain temperature to improve the toughness and reduce the strength of monofilaments by recrystallization, so as to meet the requirements of wires and cables for conducting wire cores. The key of annealing process is to eliminate the oxidation of copper wire. Conductor stranding in order to improve the flexibility of wires and cables and facilitate laying and installation, the conductive wire core is twisted by multiple single wires. From the stranding shape of conductor core, it can be divided into regular stranding and irregular stranding. Irregular stranding is divided into bundle stranding, concentric compound stranding, special stranding, etc.

為了減少導(dǎo)線的占用面積、縮小電纜的幾何尺寸，在絞合導(dǎo)體的同時采用緊壓形式，使普通圓形變異為半圓、扇形、瓦形和緊壓的圓形。此種導(dǎo)體主要應(yīng)用在電力電纜上。

In order to reduce the occupied area of the conductor and reduce the geometric size of the cable, the compact form is adopted while stranding the conductor, so that the ordinary circle can be changed into a semicircle, fan-shaped, tile shaped and compact circle. This kind of conductor is mainly used in power cables.

絕緣擠出塑料電線電纜主要采用擠包實心型絕緣層，塑料絕緣擠出的主要技術(shù)要求：

Extruded solid insulation layer is mainly used for insulated extruded plastic wires and cables. The main technical requirements of plastic insulation extrusion are as follows:

1偏心度：擠出的絕緣厚度的偏差值是體現(xiàn)擠出工藝水平的重要標志，大多數(shù)的產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸及其偏差值在標準中均有明確的規(guī)定。

1 eccentricity: the deviation value of the extruded insulation thickness is an important sign of the extrusion process level. Most product structure dimensions and their deviation values are clearly specified in the standard.

2光滑度：擠出的絕緣層表面要求光滑，不得出現(xiàn)表面粗糙、燒焦、雜質(zhì)的不良質(zhì)量問題。3致密度：擠出絕緣層的橫斷面要致密結(jié)實、不準有肉眼可見的針孔，杜絕有氣泡的存在。

2 smoothness: the surface of the extruded insulating layer shall be smooth without poor quality problems such as surface roughness, scorching and impurities. 3 density: the cross section of the extruded insulating layer shall be dense and solid, and there shall be no needle holes visible to the naked eye, so as to eliminate the existence of bubbles.

成纜對于多芯的電纜為了保證成型度、減小電纜的外形，一般都需要將其絞合為圓形。絞合的機理與導(dǎo)體絞制相仿，由于絞制節(jié)徑較大，大多采用無退扭方式。成纜的技術(shù)要求：一是杜絕異型絕緣線芯翻身而導(dǎo)致電纜的扭彎；二是防止絕緣層被劃傷。

Cabling for multi-core cables, it is generally necessary to twist them into a circle in order to ensure the formability and reduce the shape of the cable. The mechanism of stranding is similar to that of conductor stranding. Because the stranding pitch diameter is large, no untwisting mode is mostly adopted. Technical requirements for cable forming: first, prevent the twisting of cable caused by turning over of special-shaped insulated core; The second is to prevent the insulating layer from being scratched.

大部分電纜在成纜的同時伴隨另外兩個工序的完成：一個是填充，保證成纜后電纜的圓整和穩(wěn)定；一個是綁扎，保證纜芯不松散。

Most cables are completed with the completion of two other processes: one is filling to ensure the roundness and stability of cables after cable completion; One is binding to ensure that the cable core is not loose.

內(nèi)護層為了保護絕緣線芯不被鎧裝所疙傷，需要對絕緣層進行適當(dāng)?shù)谋Ｗo，內(nèi)護層分：擠包內(nèi)護層（隔離套）和繞包內(nèi)護層（墊層）。繞包墊層代替綁扎帶與成纜工序同步進行。

In order to protect the insulated wire core from being damaged by armor, the insulating layer needs to be properly protected. The inner protective layer is divided into extruded inner protective layer (isolation sleeve) and wrapped inner protective layer (cushion). Wrapping cushion instead of binding belt shall be carried out synchronously with cable forming process.

裝鎧敷設(shè)在地下電纜，工作中可能承受一定的正壓力作用，可選擇內(nèi)鋼帶鎧裝結(jié)構(gòu)。電纜敷設(shè)在既有正壓力作用又有拉力作用的場合（如水中、垂直豎井或落差較大的土壤中），應(yīng)選用具有內(nèi)鋼絲鎧裝的結(jié)構(gòu)型。

The armored cable is laid underground, which may bear certain positive pressure during work. The inner steel strip armored structure can be selected. When the cable is laid under both positive pressure and tension (such as in water, vertical shaft or soil with large drop), the structural type with inner steel wire armor shall be selected.

外護套外護套是保護電線電纜的絕緣層防止環(huán)境因素侵蝕的結(jié)構(gòu)部分。外護套的主要作用是提高電線電纜的機械強度、防化學(xué)腐蝕、防潮、防水浸人、阻止電纜燃燒等能力。根據(jù)對電纜的不同要求利用擠塑機直接擠包塑料護套。

Outer sheath outer sheath is a structural part to protect the insulating layer of wires and cables from environmental factors. The main function of the outer sheath is to improve the mechanical strength, chemical corrosion prevention, moisture-proof, water-proof and human immersion of wires and cables, and prevent cable combustion. According to different requirements for cables, the plastic sheath is directly extruded by extruder.

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